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Geography of Tibet
Tibet is a region of central Asia. It is often called "the roof of the world", comprising table-lands averaging over 4,950 meters above the sea with peaks at 6,000 to 7,500 m, including Mount Everest. It is bounded on the north and east by China, on the west by the Kashmir Region of India and on the south by Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. Most of Tibet sits atop a geological structure known as the Tibetan Plateau which includes the Himalaya and many of the highest mountain peaks in the world.

Physically, Tibet may be divided into two parts, the "lake region" in the west and north-west, and the "river region", which spreads out on three sides of the former on the east, south, and west. Both regions receive limited amounts of rainfall as they lie in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, however the region names are useful in contrasting their hydrological structures, and also in contrasting their different cultural uses which is nomadic in the lake region and agricultural in the river region

Climate of Tibet
Overall, the Tibetan climate features frigid and dry air in the northwest and warm and humid in the southeast, forming overlapping climatic zones, such as the subtropical/warm, temperate/sub-frigid zones, and the humid/semi-humid and semi-dry/dry zones. In response to the varied climatic zones, Tibet is divided into different areas in terms of plants: forests, bush, grassy marshland, grassland and desert.

Generally speaking, Tibet is blessed with varied forms of climatic zones, which combine to make the autonomous region a land with much more sunshine, stronger radiation, greater difference in temperature between day and night, a clear distinction between dry and wet days, and plentiful night rainfall. Winter and spring are dry and windy, with low atmospheric pressure and relatively low oxygen content in the air. As the region enjoys much more sunshine than many parts of the world and stronger radiation, winter is comparatively warm during the day; the temperature dropping below zero only at night.

In Tibet, each cubic meter of air contains only 62-65.4 percent of oxygen in the air on the plains.

Tibet boasts more solar radiation than any other part of China, amounting to 100 percent, one-third more than in plains at the same latitude. In addition, Tibet enjoys longer daily sunshine, reaching 3,021 hours annually in Lhasa. However, it is 1,186.84 hours in Chengdu and 1,932.5 hours in Shanghai. The difference in atmospheric temperature between day and night is enormous in Tibet; however, so far as the whole year is concerned, the seasonal difference is small. The atmospheric temperature in a year, and during the hottest days in Lhasa and Xigaze, stays 10-15°C lower than in Chongqing, Wuhan and Shanghai. The seasonal difference in atmospheric temperature in Lhasa, Qamdo and Xigaze reaches 18-20°C. In the Ngari area, 5,000 meters above sea level, the atmospheric temperature in August reaches over 10°C or higher during the day, but falls to below zero at night.

People of Tibet
At present there are Tibetan, Menpa, Luopa, Han Chinese, Hui, Sherpa and a few Deng people living in Tibet while Tibetans are the main inhabitants on the plateau. Tibetans are optimistic and happy people. Traditionally farmers settled in small villages, mainly growing barley while the roaming nomads earned their living by herding yaks and sheep.

Most Tibetans in cities fell to craftsmen. However, more and more people step into business nowadays. Tibetan language belongs to Sino-Tibetan phylum. People in U and Tsang, Kham and Chamdo speak different dialects. Most Tibetans are devout Buddhists while a few believe in the old Bon. Islam and Catholicism also have a few followers in Lhasa and Yanjing respectively.

Since China's Family Planning program is not carried out among Tibetan people, Tibetan population keeps growing. According to the census conducted in 2000, there are 2,616,300 people in Tibet, with Tibetans totaling 2,411,100 and 92.2% of the current Tibet population. The statistic also shows that Tibetans' average life reaches 68 due to the improving standard of living and medical service. The illiterate people are reduced to 850,700.


Currency of Tibet
As in the rest of China, Renminbi (RMB) is the legal currency in Tibet. Only the Bank of China offers foreign exchange services and facilities in Tibet and certain up market hotels (Lhasa Hotel, the former Holiday Inn, and Tibet Hotel). The Bank of China has a main office (0891-6835078) and several sub-branches in Lhasa, which all cash travelers' checks while only the main office offers cash advances on major credit cards (MasterCard, Visa, Diners Club and Amex). Its main office is located on Lingkhor Bei Lu 28, north of the Yak Statue and its hours of operation are 9:30 am -1pm and 3:30 - 6:00pm, Monday to Friday. Another convenient sub-branch lies on Beijing Dong Lu, between the Kirey Hotel and the Banak Shol Hotel. Its hours of operation are 9:30am-6:00pm, Monday to Friday, and 11am-3pm, Saturday and Sunday. The Bank of China Shigatse office, near the Shigatse Hotel, can provide travelers' checks exchange services also. Cash advances on credit cards are not available here. Zhangmu has two sub-branches also. Due to a lack of conversion outlets, visitors may have to change their extra RMB on the black market before their exit

Best traveling time in Tibet
The best season for touring in Tibet is from April to early November. But various routes have their own golden times:

Lhasa, Tsedang, and Shigatse: As the weather and tourism facilities in these places are quite good, so you can visit them in anytime for enjoying the breathtaking scenery!

Lhasa---the border of Nepal/China: This area is not available for tourists from Dec-Jan because of the sowed land; every August, the rain season, landslide will be occurred!

Mt. Everest area: it is too cold to the tourists visiting this area from Oct to April! But the beauty of the roof of the world will move you in anytime!

Ali (Mt.Kailishi): You can enjoy the wonder in this area at the time of every May, June, July, Sep, Oct without the trouble of the landslide by the big rain & snow.

East Tibet: Don't touch this area in winter and in Jul, Aug, as there will be a terrible landslide in summer and frozen load in winter!

North Tibet: Since it is too high with the average altitude at 4,500M, you only can appreciate her beauty in summer!
Accessibility towards Tibet
Access Tibet by air
For typical tourists, the best way to get there is to take a plane. There are flights to Lhasa from Beijing, Chengdu(daily departure!), Chongqing, Xining, Chamdo, Xi'an

Roads In Tibet
The only legal routes into Tibet are:
1. Via Chungdu where you can buy an air ticket for 3000Yuan ($375) This allows you to travel around Lhasa.
2. Via the Golmud to Lhasa highway. From this remote town on the borders of Qinghai and XinJiang there is a 35 hour bus route to Lhasa. Although there are stories of successful attempts without paying the permit fee 1750 Yuan most people have to pay.
3. Nepal border. The days of crossing from Nepal to Tibet with no restrictions are gone. Although it is possible to cross into Zhangmu (the border town ) from there you will need a permit to travel to Lhasa which you can only obtain by organising a tour which will include a truck and a guide. This will set you back about 1000yuan. If coming on a bike all these entail putting your bike on the roof or cargo hold of thr transport you'll be forced to take and riding out from Lhasa mot to it.

Local Transport--In Tibet
Local Transport--in Tibet includes: Bus,Pedicab, Autorickshaw,Tractor and Taxi .

The railways of Tibet
Qinghai-Tibet Railway The 1,956-km Qinghai-Tibet railway line, which will run from Xining, capital of northwest Qinghai Province, to Lhasa, Tibetan capital, will give a big impetus to the development of tourism in Tibet.


Tibet Permit
Tibet Tourism Bureau (TTB) Permit Tibet Tourism Bureau (TTB) Permits are necessary for entry to Lhasa or any other part of the Tibetan Autonomous Region, and are obtained through tour operators as part of arrangements for travel; A T.T.B. permit does not obviate the need for an Aliens' Travel Permit for any closed areas that may be visited. But you can get them easily from Lhasa office.

Aliens' Travel Permits (PSB's) These are required to visit closed areas - much of the Tibetan Autonomous Region outside the Lhasa prefecture-level district, and scattered counties elsewhere. They are usually only obtainable through tour operators, for tours by four-wheel-drive car.
Permits to visit places that are not declared open are known as Aliens' Travel Permits, or PSB's. They are issued by the police (Public Security Bureau, "PSB"). A single permit is normally issued to all the people who are traveling together, the permit naming just one of them and stating how many others are accompanying him; the passports, or at least photocopies of passports and visas, of all persons traveling must be presented in order to obtain a permit.
If you want to do an overland tour from Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai or Xinjiang province to Tibet, you must got the PSB permit before your tour starts.

Chinese Visa
Firstly, please be noted that Chinese visa and Tibet permit is two things totally different.
To enter Tibet, or any part of China excepting Hong Kong and Macao (Visitors to Hong Kong, holding passports from the some countries DO NOT need a visa when staying for a specified free period), a Chinese visa is necessary. It may be best to obtain it before leaving your home country unless you are taking a package tour to enter Tibet overland from Nepal.
The first rule when applying for a visa as an independent traveler is to expect that you will be refused a visa if you mention plans to visit Tibet. There is a trick that when you apply for the Chinese visa, you can't tell the officer that you have the plan for traveling to Tibet; you can only inform them you want to travel to somewhere else of China. Or else the application would become complicated and arduous.

Travellers Cheques
Besides the advantage of safety, travellers cheques are useful to carry in China because the exchange rate is actually more favourable than what you get for cash. Cheques from most of the world's leading banks and issuing agencies are now acceptable in China - stick to the major companies such as Thomas Cook, American Express and Citibank and you'll be OK. However it is only acceptable in the bank instead of shopping centers.

Useful numbers of Tibet
IDD code of China 0086
Police 110
Fire Alarm 119
Code for Lhasa 0891
Weather forcast 121
Time 117
First - Aid Center 120
Local phone directory 114
Long - distance call inquiry 113
Chengguan District Taxi Co. 6323762
Civil Aviation Ticket Office 6322417
The region's Foreign Affairs Office 6324992
Emergency Department of the region's Second Hospital 6322115
Emergency Department of the region's People's Hospital 63222000
Foreign Affair Office of the Region's Public Security Bureau 6324528

Cuisine
The most important crop in Tibet is barley, and dough made from barley flour called tsampa, is the staple food of Tibet. Tibetan people eat Tsampa at every meal, and when traveling, it is brought along as a ready made meal. This is either rolled into noodles or made into steamed dumplings called momos. Meat dishes are likely to be yak, goat, or mutton, often dried, or cooked into a spicy stew with potatoes. Mustard seed is cultivated in Tibet, and therefore features heavily in its cuisine. Yak yoghurt, butter and cheese are frequently eaten, and well-prepared yoghurt is considered something of a prestige item. Butter tea is very popular to drink and many Tibetans drink up to 100 cups a day. Tibetan barley beer, called Chang is popular among all Tibetans. The beer is mild, slightly sweet and sour and contains little alcohol. The beverage is worth trying. Soft drinks and beer are also available in Lhasa.

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